Description: This paper investigates the accuracy of loss reserves by comparing some reserves with the actual results five years hence. The ultimate purpose was to provide an estimate of the amount of variability which cannot be explained by listed factors. The resulting amount of variability gives an indication of the amount required for a provision for adverse deviation. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1991, VOL. 1

Description: This article provides an an alternate, statistical approach, to graduation. Both single and multiple decrement models are considered and theoretical results are obtained for some specific mortality models. From: ACTUARIAL RESEARCH CLEARING HOUSE, 1979 VOL. 2.

Description: This paper presents the recursive definition of the aggregate claims distribution which does not require the usual computation of the convolutions of the distribution of claim amounts. It is independent of the number of lives in the group. which makes it particularly useful for large groups. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1980, Vol. 32.